Taken from - The Nobel Prize
Internet Archive
|
|
20003
Sir Peter Mansfield, 70, of Britain at Nottingham University &
Paul Lauterbur, 74, of Unites States
won the 2003 Nobel Prize for Medicine. They have been awarded this prize for their contribution in the discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
2000
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ARVID CARLSSON, PAUL GREENGARD and ERIC KANDEL for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.
1999
The prize was awarded to:
GÜNTER BLOBEL, for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
1998
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT, LOUIS J. IGNARRO and FERID MURAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection
The prize was awarded jointly to:
PETER C. DOHERTY and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
EDWARD B. LEWIS, CHRISTIANE NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ALFRED G. GILMAN and MARTIN RODBELL for their
discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in
cells.
1993
The prize was awarded jointly to:
RICHARD J. ROBERTS and PHILLIP A. SHARP for their independent discoveries of split
genes.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
EDMOND H. FISCHER and EDWIN G. KREBS for their discoveries concerning reversible
protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ERWIN NEHER and BERT SAKMANN for their
discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
JOSEPH E. MURRAY and E. DONNALL THOMAS for their discoveries concerning organ and
cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
J. MICHAEL BISHOP and HAROLD E. VARMUS for their discovery of the cellular origin of
retroviral oncogenes.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR JAMES W. BLACK , GERTRUDE B. ELION and GEORGE H. HITCHINGS for their discoveries of important
principles for drug treatment.
SUSUMU TONEGAWA for his
discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
STANLEY COHEN and RITA LEVI-MONTALCINI for their discoveries of growth factors.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
MICHAEL S. BROWN and JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN for their discoveries concerning the
regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
NIELS K. JERNE , GEORGES J.F. KÖHLER and CÉSAR MILSTEIN for theories
concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and
the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
BARBARA MC CLINTOCK for her discovery of mobile genetic
elements.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SUNE K. BERGSTRÖM , BENGT I. SAMUELSSON and SIR JOHN R. VANE for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins
and related biologically active substances.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
ROGER W. SPERRY for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres.
and the other half awarded jointly to:
DAVID H. HUBEL and TORSTEN N. WIESEL for their discoveries concerning information
processing in the visual system.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
BARUJ BENACERRAF , JEAN DAUSSET and GEORGE D. SNELL for their discoveries concerning genetically
determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ALAN M. CORMACK and SIR GODFREY N. HOUNSFIELD for the development of computer assisted
tomography.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
WERNER ARBER , DANIEL NATHANS and HAMILTON O. SMITH for the discovery of restriction enzymes and
their application to problems of molecular genetics.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to:
ROGER GUILLEMIN and ANDREW V. SCHALLY for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain
and the other half awarded to:
ROSALYN YALOW for the
development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
BARUCH S. BLUMBERG and D. CARLETON GAJDUSEK for their discoveries concerning new
mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
DAVID BALTIMORE , RENATO DULBECCO and HOWARD MARTIN TEMIN for their discoveries concerning the
interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ALBERT CLAUDE , CHRISTIAN DE DUVE and GEORGE E. PALADE for their discoveries concerning the
structural and functional organization of the cell.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
KARL VON FRISCH , KONRAD LORENZ and NIKOLAAS TINBERGEN for their
discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social
behaviour patterns.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
GERALD M. EDELMAN and RODNEY R. PORTER for their discoveries concerning the chemical
structure of antibodies.
EARL W. JR. SUTHERLAND for his discoveries concerning the
mechanisms of the action of hormones.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR BERNARD KATZ , ULF VON EULER and JULIUS AXELROD for their
discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the
mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
MAX DELBRÜCK , ALFRED D. HERSHEY and SALVADOR E. LURIA for their discoveries concerning the
replication mechanism and the gentic structure of viruses.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ROBERT W. HOLLEY , HAR GOBIND KHORANA and MARSHALL W. NIRENBERG for their interpretation of the genetic
code and its function in protein synthesis.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
RAGNAR GRANIT , HALDAN KEFFER HARTLINE and GEORGE WALD for their
discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes
in the eye.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
PEYTON ROUS for his discovery of tumorinducing viruses
and the other half to:
CHARLES BRENTON HUGGINS for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
FRANÇOIS JACOB , ANDRÉ LWOFF and JACOUES MONOD for their
discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
KONRAD BLOCH and FEODOR LYNEN for their
discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty
acid metabolism.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR JOHN CAREW ECCLES , SIR ALAN LLOYD HODGKIN and SIR ANDREW FIELDING
HUXLEY for their discoveries concerning the
ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and
central portions of the nerve cell membrane.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON
CRICK , JAMES DEWEY WATSON and MAURICE HUGH FREDERICK
WILKINS for their discoveries concerning the
molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information
transfer in living material.
GEORG VON BÉKÉSY for his discoveries of the physical mechanism
of stimulation within the cochlea.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR FRANK MACFARLANE
BURNET and SIR PETER BRIAN MEDAWAR for discovery of acquired immunological
tolerance.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SEVERO OCHOA and ARTHUR KORNBERG for their
discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and
deoxiribonucleic acid.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to:
GEORGE WELLS BEADLE and EDWARD LAWRIE TATUM for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events
and the other half to:
JOSHUA LEDERBERG for his
discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic
material of bacteria.
DANIEL BOVET for his discoveries
relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body
substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal
muscles.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ANDRÉ FRÉDÉRIC COURNAND , WERNER FORSSMANN and DICKINSON W. RICHARDS for their discoveries concerning heart
catherization and pathological changes in the circulatory system.
AXEL HUGO THEODOR THEORELL for his discoveries concerning the nature
and mode of action of oxidation enzymes.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
JOHN FRANKLIN ENDERS , THOMAS HUCKLE WELLER and FREDERICK CHAPMAN ROBBINS for their discovery of the ability of
poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
SIR HANS ADOLF KREBS for his discovery of the citric acid cycle
and the other half to:
FRITZ ALBERT LIPMANN for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its
importance for intermediary metabolism.
SELMAN ABRAHAM WAKSMAN for his discovery of streptomycin, the first
antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.
MAX THEILER for his discoveries
concerning yellow fever and how to combat it.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
EDWARD CALVIN KENDALL , TADEUS REICHSTEIN and PHILIP SHOWALTER HENCH for their discoveries relating to the hormones
of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
WALTER RUDOLF HESS for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs
and the other half to:
ANTONIO CAETANO DE
ABREU FREIRE EGAS
MONIZ for his discovery of the therapeutic
value of leucotomy in certain psychoses.
PAUL HERMANN MÜLLER for his discovery of the high efficiency of
DDT as a contact poison against several arth ropods.
The prize was divided, one half awarded jointly to:
CARL FERDINAND CORI and GERTY THERESA CORI née RADNITZ for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen
the other half awarded to:
BERNARDO ALBERTO HOUSSAY for his discovery of the part played by the
hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar.
HERMANN JOSEPH MULLER for the discovery of the production of
mutations by means of X-ray irradiation.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING , SIR ERNST BORIS CHAIN and LORD HOWARD WALTER
FLOREY for the discovery of penicillin and its
curative effect in various infectious diseases.
The prize was awarded jointly to
JOSEPH ERLANGER and HERBERT SPENCER GASSER for their discoveries relating to the highly
differentiated functions of single nerve fibres.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
HENRIK CARL PETER DAM for his discovery of vitamin K.
and the other half to:
EDWARD ADELBERT DOISY for his discovery of the chemical nature of
vitamin K.
GERHARD DOMAGK for the discovery
of the antibacterial effects of prontosil. (Caused by the authorities of his
country to decline the award, but later received the diploma and the medal.)
CORNEILLE JEAN FRANÇOIS HEYMANS for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration.
ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI
VON NAGYRAPOLT for his
discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special
reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR HENRY HALLETT DALE and OTTO LOEWI for their discoveries
relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses.
HANS SPEMANN for his discovery
of the organizer effect in embryonic development.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLE , GEORGE RICHARDS MINOT and WILLIAM PARRY MURPHY for their discoveries concerning liver therapy
in cases of anaemia.
THOMAS HUNT MORGAN for his discoveries concerning the role played
by the chromosome in heredity.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
SIR CHARLES SCOTT SHERRINGTON and LORD EDGAR DOUGLAS
ADRIAN for their discoveries regarding the
functions of neurons.
OTTO HEINRICH WARBURG for his discovery of the nature and mode of
action of the respiratory enzyme.
KARL LANDSTEINER for his
discovery of human blood groups.
The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:
CHRISTIAAN EIJKMAN for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin
and the other half awarded to:
SIR FREDERICK GOWLAND
HOPKINS for his discovery of the
growth-stimulating vitamins.
CHARLES JULES HENRI
NICOLLE for his work on typhus.
JULIUS WAGNER-JAUREGG for his discovery of the therapeutic value of
malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica.
JOHANNES ANDREAS GRIB
FIBIGER for his discovery of the Spiroptera
carcinoma.
The prize money for 1925 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize
section.
WILLEM EINTHOVEN for his
discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram.
SIR FREDERICK GRANT
BANTING and JOHN JAMES RICHARD
MACLEOD for the discovery of insulin.
The prize was divided equally between:
SIR ARCHIBALD VIVIAN HILL for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle
and
OTTO FRITZ MEYERHOF for his discovery of the fixed relationship
between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactid acid in the
muscle.
The prize money for 1921 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize
section.
SCHACK AUGUST STEENBERGER KROGH for his
discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism.
JULES BORDET for his discoveries
relating to immunity.
ROBERT BÁRÁNY for his work on
the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus.
CHARLES ROBERT RICHET in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis.
ALEXIS CARREL in recognition of
his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood-vessels and organs.
ALLVAR GULLSTRAND for his work
on the dioptrics of the eye.
ALBRECHT KOSSEL in recognition
of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on
proteins, including the nucleic substances.
EMIL THEODOR KOCHER for his work on the physiology, pathology and
surgery of the thyroid gland.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
ILYA ILYICH MECHNIKOV and PAUL EHRLICH in recognition of
their work on immunity.
CHARLES LOUIS ALPHONSE
LAVERAN in recognition of his work on the role
played by protozoa in causing diseases.
The prize was awarded jointly to:
CAMILLO GOLGI and SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL in recognition of their work on the stucture of
the nervous system.
ROBERT KOCH for his
investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis.
IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV in recognition of his work on the physiology
of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been
transformed and enlarged.
NIELS RYBERG FINSEN in recognition of his contribution to the
treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light
radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.
SIR RONALD ROSS for his work on malaria, by which he has shown
how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful
resesarch on this disease and methods of combating it.
EMIL ADOLF VON BEHRING for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths.
|
|